Stochastic electrotransport selectively enhances the transport of highly electromobile molecules.
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Abstract | Nondestructive chemical processing of porous samples such as fixed biological tissues typically relies on molecular diffusion. Diffusion into a porous structure is a slow process that significantly delays completion of chemical processing. Here, we present a novel electrokinetic method termed stochastic electrotransport for rapid nondestructive processing of porous samples. This method uses a rotational electric field to selectively disperse highly electromobile molecules throughout a porous sample without displacing the low-electromobility molecules that constitute the sample. Using computational models, we show that stochastic electrotransport can rapidly disperse electromobile molecules in a porous medium. We apply this method to completely clear mouse organs within 1-3 days and to stain them with nuclear dyes, proteins, and antibodies within 1 day. Our results demonstrate the potential of stochastic electrotransport to process large and dense tissue samples that were previously infeasible in time when relying on diffusion. |
Year of Publication | 2015
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Journal | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
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Volume | 112
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Issue | 46
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Pages | E6274-83
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Date Published | 2015 Nov 17
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ISSN | 1091-6490
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URL | |
DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1510133112
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PubMed ID | 26578787
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PubMed Central ID | PMC4655572
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Grant list | T32 EB019940 / EB / NIBIB NIH HHS / United States
U01 NS090473 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States
1-U01-NS090473-01 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States
Howard Hughes Medical Institute / United States
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